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EUROPEAN ANTI-CORRUPTION CONVENTIONS

Council of Europe Criminal Law Convention on Corruption (COE Criminal Law Convention)

The COE Criminal Law Convention aims to coordinate the criminalisation of corrupt practices, provide complementary criminal law measures and improve cooperation for the prosecution of offences. It entered into force in 2002, and compliance is monitored by the Group of States against Corruption (GRECO).

Council of Europe Civil Law Convention on Corruption (COE Civil Law Convention)

The COE Civil Law Convention aims to define common international rules of civil law and corruption. Parties are required to compensate persons who have suffered damage as a result of corruption. It entered into force in 2003, and compliance is monitored by the Group of States against Corruption (GRECO).

European Union Convention against Corruption Involving Officials (EU Convention against Corruption)

The EU Convention against Corruption aims to fight corruption involving EU or Member States’ officials. Member States must ensure that passive or active corruption by officials is a criminal offence. Heads of businesses are to be declared criminally liable for active corruption by a person under their authority acting on behalf of the company.

European Union Convention on the Protection of the European Communities’ Financial Interests (EU Convention on Financial Interests)

The EU Convention on Financial Interests aims to create a common legal basis for the criminal protection of the EC’s financial interests. Fraud affecting expenditure and revenue must be punishable by criminal penalties.